Hydrocarbon burner



' Mar. 27, 1923.

1,449,431. P. S. MARTIN. HYDROCARBON BURNER.

men NOV.9, 1920. v 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

K Y J 7 3140014401,

44 W 3% GM Elttowaq-s- Mar. 27, 1923. 1,449,431. I P. s. MARTIN.

' HYDROCARBON BURNER.

HLED NOV-9, 1920. v I 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2- I w f'. If'J x Patented ar. 27,1923.

STATES eArENT PERRY S. MARTIN. OF HARRISONBUBG, VIRGINIA, ASSIGNOR TONEWTOWN GIANT INCUBATOR CORPORATION, OF HABRISONBURG, VIRGINIA, ACORPORATION OF VIRGINIA.

mnnocannon BURNER.

T all whom it may 0011 cam:

Be it known that I, PERRY S. MARTIN, a citizen of the United States,residing at Harrisonburg, in the county of Rockingham and State ofVirginia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inHydrocarbon Burners; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full,clear, and exact description of the same, reference being bad to theaccompanying drawings, forming part of this specification.

This invention relates to liquid burning devices as for exam ple, aburner suitable for use with hydrocarbons such as kerosene, and

has for its object the provision of means permittin 4 maximum efficiencyof the burner when at ess than half capacity as well as at fullcapacity. A further object of the invention lies in the provision of aburner having a delicate temperature regulation, but in which the burnerand the oil fount are both stationary, the regulation being accomplishedby movement of a flexible friction tube leading from the fount anddelivering the fluid drop by drop past a sight window in the oil tankcasing. Other objects of the invention will be apparent from thefollowing description taken in connection with the claims.

In the drawings;-

Figure 1 is a. plan view of one form of my device;

Fig. 2 is a general elevation largely in vertical cross section;

Fig. dis a horizontal sectional view on the line 33 of Figure 2;

Fig. 4 is a plan view of the burner bowl;

- and Fig. 5 is a plan view of the base for the oil fount and casing.

The invention described in the following pages is not to be consideredas limited to a burner for any particular use, the inventive conceptbeing adaptable to a great variety of uses. In the drawings a form ofmydevice is illustrated which has been manufactured for use with a brooderand the following description, of the base for example is merely forillustration. and not as a limitation, it being the intention to limitthe scope of invention only as required by the claims The base 10 willbe generally be of. solid material serving merely as support for thevarious parts. but when used in (,(illIlBCtlOl.

with a brooder, it is preferred that the has.

should be open at the bottom but closed at the sides 11 and ends 12, soas to form a passage or chamber when placed upon the ground; theentrance to such chamber being through the orifice 13 beneath thereservoir. and the exit being a similar orifice 14 directly beneath thecenter of the cover. The chimney 15 is a cylimlrical tube serving thedual function of supporting the fuel reservoir and associated parts andof supplying air to the chamber beneath the base 10, the casing beingprovided with holes 16 and 17 for this purpose and for the reception ofthe oil pipe 18 leading from the drip cup 19 to the burner bowl 20. Thereservoir 21 rests upon the upper reinforced edge 22 of the oil fount soas to be protected by the casing 23 and has an outlet 24 extending intothe oil fount- 25 thereby maintaining the oil at the level of the bottomof such outlet. The reservoir 21 is provided with the usual cork valve27 connected to a rod 28 of greater than the distance from the cork tothe base 29 of the casing and fount, so that when the reservoir isplaced on the fount the cork will be driven inward allowing oil to flowfrom the reservoir until it closes the mouth of the orifice 24,thereafter maintaining such level constant in the well known manner. Thebase 29 of the casing may be supported in any desired manner, as forexample, by means of the tie rods 30 extending to a bar 31 extendingtransversely across the base 10 thereby firmly binding the base 29against the chimney 15.

A small flexible friction tube 35 extends through the oil fount 25 as at36, making an oil tight junction, and extends upwardly in a helical linebetween the fount and casing and ends after a complete revolution ormore in a downturned spout 37 directly above the oil cup 19, the spoutpreferably being centrally located with respect to the mica window 38closing a corresponding orifice in the casing 23. A small bracket 40 issecured an to the side of the casing 23 and furnishes a pivotal support41 for the drip regulating lever 42 as well as threaded supports for theadjusting screws 44 and 45 governing respectively the minimum andmaximum flow of 1105 oil through the flexible tube 35.

The supply of oil to the burner is controlled by a thermostat 48 of theusual form, preferably of the circular corrugated double convexether-alcohol type, secured to a bracket 49 clamped by the oil pipe 1?by means of the bolts or other fastenings 5U, \Vhile the thermostat isshown in Figures 1 and2 as in close proximity to the burner, it willreadily be understood that this thermostat will be located in the regionmost convenient for temperature regulation and when used with a brooder,for example, will be located as shown in Figure l of my co-pendingapplication No. 422,914, tiled this day. The particular form ofthermostat forms no part of the invention and would vary in accordancewith the use to which the burner is put, and would. for example, helocated within the water tank if the burner were used to maintain a bodyof water at constant temperature. A thermostat lever 51 is hinged to thebracket as at 52 and is normally held against the umbo 53 of thethermostat by means of the action of a weight 51 swung from theregulating lever 42 on the tube side of the pivot 41 and operating byadding its weight to that of the tube 35 to swing the lower end of lever42 away from the thermostat bracket, but owing to the connection 55between such lower end and the lever 51 serving to hold the latter incontact with the thermostat umbo.

As the temperature increases the thermostat expands and pulls the lowerend of the drip regulating lever 42 to the left against the action ofthe weight 54 and raises the end of the tube 35 until the short arm ofthe lever comes into contact with the minimum adjusting screw 44 whenfurther increase in temperature will be accommodated merely through thebending of the relatively long levers 42 and 51. The minimum ad justingscrew 44 is usually set to provide just suflicient flow of oil tooperate the burner and the maximum adjusting screw is normally set sothat the greatest quantity of oil will be furnished that can be takencare of by the burner. These regulating screws are not made permanentfor obvious reasons including the need for a very rapid flow on firstusing; the brooder for example and the necessity of entirely closing theflow when desired, which is accomplished by turning the minimum screw 44so as to bring the spout 37 entirely above the surface of the oil in thefount 25.

The burner bowl 20 is secured to the oil pipe 18 and is supported at theproper clevation by means of a bracket 60 secured to the base 10 and soarranged that there should be a slight slope to the oil pipe from thebend where it enters the chimney 15 down to the burner bowl in order toinsure a proper flow of oil.

The burner bowl is a flat. annular casting having a boss 62 threaded toreceive the end of the pipe 18 and a central orifice 63 bounded by thevertical flange 64 which forms one wall of the trough 65, the other wallbeing Formed by the outwardly sloping external flange 66. The flange (36has a slight groove 67 in its upper inner face to furnish a securesupport for the outer perforated combustion tube 68. The inner flange 64may likewise be grooved on its upper outer face to receive the innerperforated combustion tube 70, but it is preferred that the lattershould have a friction fit with the outer face of the inner flange andhave the lower points of its vertical cleats 71 abutting the partitions72 in the trough. This abutment between the cleat and the partition willnot interfere with the flow of oil over the partition, Since the cleats71 are slightly beveled at their lower ends to permit the spilling ofoil between the cleat and the outer annular face of the trough.

These partitions 72, which may be two in number as shown. or any numberof pairs, serve an important function in the present invention, sincethey permit the burning of a large or small quantity of oil with equaleiiiciency, and furnish a most satisfactory substitute for the tiltingburner which has the serious disadvantage of smoking and giving oilunburned fumes of hydrocarbons from theportion of the trough notsupplied with oil since the entire trough is invariably hot. \Vith thesimple form illustrated having but the two diametrically opposedpartitions. the oil is delivered to the front end of the trough 65 inlarge or small quantity. If but a small quantity of oil is delivered theflame will be entirely confined to the front half of the burner, sincethe level of the oil in the trough will not be high enough to overflowthe partitions 71. The etliciency of the flame, however, will be just ashigh as if twice the quantity were delivered, since the level of the oilwill be the same and the flame will be confined to the front half of theannular space between the perforated combustion tubes 68 and 70 byvirtue of the perforated cleats 71 which extend throughout practicallythe length of the inner tube 70. lVhen full quantity of oil is used itnaturally overflows thepartition and both halves of the burner are usedin the usual way, the flame then being annular and the entire annularchamber between the tubes being utilized. Thus it will be seen that inthe present device a stationary burner is utilized in combination with astationary oil fount and reservoir. the appropriate flow beingmaintained by movement of the flexible friction tube 35 alone.

A circular ballle plate 75 is held against the downwardly extending legs76 of the burner base by means of a tie rod 77 passing throughthcburnercap 78 and bcing secured thereto by means of a nut 79 whichholds the cap in close engagement with the top of the inner tube 70which receives the reduced central projection 80 of the cap. The cowl R1is of the usual conical shape, has a friction fit with the top of theouter combustion tube (39 and is provided at its lower end with acircular series of air holes 83. The cowl preferably has its flaringskirt somewhat larger than the burner bowl 20. but slightly smaller indiameter than the spreader 75.

If the base ot the burner is solid the air for combustion will be drawnmainly through the central orifice 63 of the bowl. but in the particularembodiment illus' trated. the air which is to be heated for the use ofthe little chicks and for the burner will be supplied through the holes16 in the chimney l5 and will pass downwardly through the hole 13through the passage in the base 10 and upwardly through the orifice l-l.it will then be spread by the circular balilc 75. part of the airtraveling upwardl alongside of the cowl 81 by which it will be heatedand part of it; passing inwardly over the spreader and upwardly throughthe central hole 63 of the bowl and in the space between the cowl andthe outer tube. Part of the air in this latter space will pass throughthe holes 83 and into the hover space While the remainder will passthrough the perforations in the tube and aid in supplying oxygen to theflame. The products of combustion will all pass through the annularorifice between the cowl and the cap 7 What i claim is:

1. A burner device consisting of a trough member and transversepartitions in said trough. said partitions in the trough being of lessheight than the depth of the trough so that liquid from the portion ofthe trough between any two partitions may overflow into adjacentportions without. spilling orer the sides of the trough member.

2. In a burner device. an annular trough member having a large centralopening concentric with said trough and radial partitions in saidtrough. said radial partitions being of less height than the depth ofthe trough so that liquid may spill over a partition without spillingover the sides of the trough.

3. in a burner device. a burner bowl having a. trough therein and aninlet to said trough, and transverse partitions in said trough of lessheight than the depth of the trough but greater than the height of thebottom of the entrance opening.

4-. burner howl having arelatively large central opening. a troughsurrounding the central opening. and an entrance opening to said trough.and a plurality of radial partitions in said trough of less height thanthe depth of the trough extending at right angles to the axis of saidentrance opening.

5. An annular burner bowl having an entrance opening. an inner verticalwall defining said ceniial opening and forming the inner wall of a fueltrough. an outer vertical wall spaced from said first mentioned wallsubstantially parallel thereto defining the outer margin of said trough.and integral members connecting said inner and outer walls of the troughto confine small quantities of liquid fuel to the side of the troughnearest the entrance opening.

6. In a burner device. a trough member. a plurality of partitions insaid trough of less height than the depth of the trough and temperaturecontrolled means for regulating the rate of supply of fuel to saidburner.

7. In combination. a non-tilting annular burner and means for confiningthe flame to a sector of the burner when a small quantity of liquid fuelis supplied and for automatically permitting the Flame to extendthroughout the burner when the supply of fuel is at a maximum.

8. In a burner. concentric perforated inner and outer tubes. means forsupporting said tubes, and a plurality of members dividing the annularspace between said tubes into a plurality of segments.

9. In a burner, concentric perforated inner and outer tubes. a troughmember for supporting said tubes. partitions in said trough and aplurality of. members dividing the annular space between said tubes intoa plurality of segments. said members registering with said partitions.

10. A perforated burner chimney having a plurality of longitudinallyarranged radially projecting perforated cleats secured thereto;

11. In a burner device. a trough member. an inner member embracing onewall of said trough. an outer member supported by the other wall of saidtrough and cleats radially proiecting from one. of said members todivide the annular space between said members into a plurality ofsegments. and means carried by the trough member for separating thetrough into a similar number of trough segments corresponding in sizeand position with the segments formed by said members and cleats.

12. In a burner. an annular trough member having a relatively largecentral Vertical opening and an entrance opening to said trough.radially extending partitions in said trough arranged at right angles tosaid entrance opening. an inner perforated chimney having radiallyextending cleats adapted to rest upon said partitions and an outerperforated chimney supported by the outer wall of said trougl'i andcooperating with said inner chimney and cleats to form a plurality ofequal semi-circular segments and a cap mounted upon said inner chimneyand closing the top thereof.

lltltl 13. in ('m|il)im1l;im1. a nun-tilting lmrnm', xvvlimas. mvzmsfmsupplying liquid fuel to n fu l supp y nwmb -r. mmms for dividing saidlmrnmiii a rate t. fill mic only (if said lhv lumwr spm'v intu aplurality of sailors saw-lions, mill hvnl; upvmteil means for inunv nl'wh u-la may he uswl independently of vrvasing thisupply of fuel so as t0loud 5 the others. ililll means for regulating the other of said lrmigzhsections-by raising the Supply oi" liquid fuvl to said bin-n01. liquidlvvol in said tmugh ahm'e the height 13 14. In i-nmliinntiml. a la n-n01having a of the first partition. trough divided into :i plnrzility ofsections. relatively low partitions separating said ERRY S. B-IARTINi

